The Competition Bureau of Canada has released its report, “Consultation on Artificial Intelligence and Competition: What We Heard,” summarizing stakeholder feedback on AI’s impact on competition in Canada. The report, based on 28 submissions from industry leaders, advocacy groups, think tanks, academics, and major technology firms, identifies key concerns regarding AI’s evolving market dynamics, potential for anti-competitive behavior, and regulatory challenges.
The report underscores the unprecedented pace of AI advancements, noting that AI is unlike traditional digital markets. While data and computing power remain critical inputs, AI’s complexity introduces new challenges. Large tech firms maintain control over essential resources such as specialized chips and cloud computing, giving them significant market power. This dominance, coupled with heavy investments in AI development, creates both opportunities and barriers for startups.
Despite the emergence of AI-focused startups like OpenAI, Cohere, and Anthropic, large incumbents such as Amazon, Google, Microsoft, and Meta continue to shape the industry through vertical integration and strategic partnerships. Many stakeholders voiced concerns that these companies’ control over AI infrastructure could limit competition, particularly in access to data and computing resources.
A major theme in the report is the potential for AI to facilitate anti-competitive conduct. Algorithmic pricing, a core feature of AI-driven commerce, poses risks of price-fixing, tacit collusion, and hub-and-spoke conspiracies, where multiple companies use the same algorithm to set prices, reducing market competition. The Bureau referenced recent U.S. cases, including RealPage and Amazon’s Project Nessie, as examples of how AI can be leveraged for anti-competitive practices.
Additionally, vertical mergers between AI infrastructure providers and software developers could reduce market access for smaller players, creating potential regulatory challenges.
The report suggests that Canada’s existing competition laws may not be fully equipped to handle AI-specific issues, particularly in algorithmic decision-making, deceptive marketing, and data monopolization. The rise of deepfake technology and AI-generated content has raised concerns over consumer deception, prompting calls for clearer transparency and labeling regulations.
While some stakeholders argued that existing laws are sufficient to address AI-related competition concerns, others suggested that Canada should adopt AI-specific regulatory measures similar to the EU AI Act.
The Bureau’s consultation participants recommended several measures to ensure a competitive AI marketplace, including:
- Safeguarding data access to prevent monopolization by major tech firms.
- Encouraging public and private investment in AI infrastructure to support competition.
- Developing AI transparency standards to address algorithmic pricing and deceptive marketing.
- Enhancing international collaboration with regulatory bodies in the U.S., UK, and EU to align AI oversight efforts.
The Bureau will continue engaging with stakeholders, regulators, and international counterparts to monitor AI market trends and refine its competition policies. As AI continues to transform industries, the Bureau aims to strike a balance between fostering innovation and ensuring fair competition in Canada’s digital economy.
Need Help?
If you’re wondering how Canada’s AI policy, or any other government’s bill or regulations could impact you, don’t hesitate to reach out to BABL AI. Their Audit Experts are ready to provide valuable assistance while answering your questions and concerns.
