UPDATE — SEPTEMBER 2025: Since the JRC released Competences and Governance Practices for Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector (December 2024), the EU has shifted from guidance to rollout. With the AI Act in phased implementation, the European AI Office is now coordinating enforcement and member-state setup of supervisory authorities, while CEN/CENELEC issued spring 2025 drafts to harmonize standards for risk classification, transparency, and conformity assessment. The Commission also launched a pilot AI Competence Centre for Public Administrations (March 2025), and several countries (e.g., Denmark, Portugal, Italy) began civil-service training mapped to the report’s competence framework.

The Interoperable Europe Board’s May 2025 guidance ties AI adoption to cross-border interoperability, procurement, and transparency, and new public-sector pilots (Estonia’s X-Road decision support, Finland’s AI-assisted grant allocation, Netherlands’ “trustworthy-by-design” tenders) reflect the report’s governance practices in action. By late 2025, the JRC’s recommendations are being embedded into binding implementation plans that align the AI Act with the Interoperable Europe Act, as well as adjacent obligations under the Data Act and DSA—moving public administrations from conceptual frameworks to skills, audits, and operational oversight.

ORIGINAL NEWS STORY:

EU Report Unveils Blueprint for Ethical AI Governance in Public Sector

The Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission has released a report titled Competences and Governance Practices for Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector. This comprehensive study offers a roadmap for enhancing AI governance and competency frameworks within public administrations across Europe. It underscores the EU’s commitment to ethical and effective AI integration.

The JRC report addresses the critical need for structured AI governance in public sectors, highlighting the challenges and opportunities presented by AI adoption. As public institutions increasingly turn to AI for service delivery, decision-making, and resource allocation, the lack of a cohesive strategy has been a significant hurdle. The report builds on the momentum created by the EU’s legislative frameworks, including the EU AI Act and the Interoperable Europe Act, adopted earlier this year.

Rony Medaglia, Patrick Mikalef, and Luca Tangi, the report’s authors, emphasize that AI governance in the public sector is unique due to its direct impact on citizens and its intersection with diverse regulatory landscapes.

The report introduces two pivotal frameworks—one focusing on competences and the other on governance practices:

• Competence Framework: Structured across technical, managerial, and policy-legal-ethical dimensions, it underscores the importance of skills like AI literacy, operational expertise, and cross-disciplinary knowledge. Notably, the report calls for targeted training and hiring initiatives to address gaps in technical and ethical competences.

• Governance Practices Framework: This focuses on procedural, structural, and relational practices. It recommends strategic, tactical, and operational governance levels to ensure accountability, transparency, and stakeholder engagement.

The authors identify six actionable recommendations, encompassing 18 specific actions, to guide public sector entities in deploying AI responsibly. These include creating AI competence centers, fostering cross-sector collaborations, and establishing stakeholder-in-the-loop processes for inclusive decision-making.

Drawing insights from case studies across seven European public organizations, the report explores real-world challenges and successes in AI adoption. For instance, it highlights the AI-driven email classification system implemented by Italy’s National Institute for Social Security, which improves service delivery by automating correspondence sorting. Another example is Norway’s Trondheim municipality, where AI tools are being tested to streamline urban planning and environmental management.

These case studies exemplify the potential of AI to revolutionize public services while also highlighting the challenges of ethical deployment, resource allocation, and interoperability.

While the benefits of AI are undeniable, the report warns of potential pitfalls, including biased decision-making, lack of transparency, and legal uncertainties. It underscores the importance of aligning initiatives with the principles of fairness, accountability, and transparency, as outlined in the EU’s ethical guidelines.

The JRC report also stresses the need for continuous learning and adaptability in governance practices. It recommends that public organizations invest in digital literacy programs and collaborate with academic institutions to stay ahead in the rapidly evolving landscape.

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